China's annual production of PV cells account for about 40% of global production, ranking first in the world for three consecutive years, 2009, China solar cell production reached 3200MW, is leading the world. But behind the glory of this world, there is another kind of bitterness in the flow.
You eat apples I eat residue
December 17, the National Development and Reform Commission, Institute of Industrial Economics and Technology, director of Hu Chun economic force in the 2010 national low-carbon technology innovation forum that China's new energy field of the signs of high-carbon development model. "In the photovoltaic industry, China's silicon production accounts for more than 40% of world production, while 95% of the production of silicon for export. Silicon in the production process is a high energy consumption, high pollution, but the use of Shique clean energy. Therefore, China has contributed to a low carbon world, but has not achieved its own low-carbon development. "he said.
Although China has extremely rich mineral resources of silicon, but the company generally used only with the carbon arc method to restore the system to take low-purity silicon (purity of 98% to 99%), and as industrial raw materials often $ 1 / kg of extremely low The price sold overseas, and through foreign companies and then purified to 99.9999% over the price of polysilicon procurement foreseen to come back worth a hundred times, once sold for $ 300 high / kg. After some agonizing, polysilicon has finally returned to "home" China PV industry downstream manufacturers compete for the object.
"Right now the biggest photovoltaic industry is characterized by 'two out', 95% of the raw materials to be imported, 95% of the solar cells is exported." Secretary General of China Renewable Energy Meng Xiangan frustration. Polysilicon industry has become a typical "two out in the middle, including" that the manufacturing sector in the country, using the links in the country; energy consumption in the country, saving abroad. Such as from "the whole industry chain" perspective, the photovoltaic industry, the problem is in fact energy consumption and lack of concern, because the upper reaches of the energy-consuming sectors in the use of energy-saving effect on the actual compensation, but the Chinese PV industry is clearly not the case.
"Frankly speaking, many solar companies are now wearing high hats, engaged in processing the work." Meng Xiangan commented, "processing" national power resources in real terms is the use of processed products. Largest silicon wafer manufacturer LDK Solar LDK PV Silicon Technology Co., Ltd., with five 3,000 tons of electronic grade polycrystalline silicon production line. According to Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Office of the calculations, if all 1.5 million tons of polysilicon project started, the "it's a single factory in Nanchang electricity consumption equivalent to the 1 / 4." As for the pollution caused by production of polysilicon, it is a can not ignore the fact. A large number of its production process waste water, waste water discharge, such as the production of 1,000 tons of polysilicon will be 3,500 tons of trichlorosilane, silicon tetrachloride produced 4,500 tons of waste, and untreated recovered trichlorosilane tetrachloride Silicon is a toxic liquid, environmental pollution is very serious. Lang has bluntly said: "China's export of green products to protect the environment abroad, yet the pollution of all left at home."
Western money, who will foot the bill?
Because the EU's pursuit of new energy sources, resulting in heavily subsidized countries, and finally set off a huge industrial chain. And more to the downstream (component production, solar energy applications) more competitive, mainly due to lower production investment, short construction period, technical and financial threshold is low.
But now that puffiness is about to face "flesh", as some of the sovereign debt crisis of the EU, many countries have begun to tighten expenditure, sword pointed at them too much green energy such subsidies.
December 17, according to Reuters, Germany's leading "left" wing opposition parties expressed support for the reduction of new solar power installations support. As one-third of the world solar market in Germany, as early as July, the German Federal Senate passed the Renewable Energy Law amendment photovoltaic Internet subsidies, starting from July 1, in Germany the construction of the roof light volt power system subsidy by 13%, starting from October 1, subsidies continue to decline 3%.
Germany's attitude to trigger a chain reaction, Nov. 19, the Spanish government introduced a new policy, the newly installed photovoltaic power plant electricity price subsidies will be reduced by 45%, large roof 25% reduction in electricity generating system, small the roof is cut by 5%. France also began to start a solar power, began in France in 2011 cut the national budget to purchase solar panels on the family tax credit. Even the market capacity of the United States ranked fourth in the world, now is considering shrinking subsidies.
In the absence of the external market, these excess capacity where to go, it does not seem to be understood, on the contrary, is still more projects have been started. As first half of 2009, the domestic polysilicon project has been built, under construction or proposed more than 50, in which up to 20 a few provinces, the scale of investment will exceed 1,300 billion yuan, production capacity over 230,000 tons. In the foreign market downturn, many domestic polysilicon business, at least half of the hundreds of billions of investment or will play the "hydroplaning", "more than 50 companies, the last surviving will be 3 to 7." One investor Analysis of Road.
A chopper like Dragon?
Whether it is two out, or pollution, energy issues, almost all problems can be attributed to the lack of core technology. "Technological innovation is the lifeblood of the production of polysilicon materials, if the domestic enterprises to seek immediate Zhigu, and not make efforts in this regard, not only to put it on 'high-pollution' hat, destroying the image of the entire PV industry will be severely constrained health development! "an expert on China's photovoltaic industry, issued a stern warning.
Polysilicon production will not necessarily have been polluting the environment, over 70% of the polysilicon is produced by modified Siemens process, the foreign use of closed loop production process, usually does not cause pollution, but many of the original domestic enterprise with this detached view that there is huge profits to be made, have also launched polysilicon. Most of polysilicon manufacturers to reduce investment, reduce costs, break off both ends of the process, "ministry" out of the recovery of pollutants, handling and other aspects, resulting in harm to the environment.
May 2010, at the Fourth International Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy, is widely recognized as "the father of solar energy," Professor Martin Green, the next step in talking about the development of China PV industry direction, said row Several "Quality" (quality). In his view, China's photovoltaic business is the lack of core technology.
National Development and Reform Commission, Industrial and Technical Economics Institute of Hu Chun force also believes that many industries in China could not rely on raw material inputs for return, low-carbon development, but core areas, core technologies out of the country, so high-tech into low-technology industries in China, high resource consumption of the industry.
Experts vein: a new energy industry can not just give the green light
"From an environmental, energy saving point of view, these high energy-consuming enterprises should be closed down polysilicon, but in reality you do not scare them off." State "863" energy experts, the CAS Guangzhou Institute of Energy Chief Scientist Yuanzhen Hong said in an interview. "The backward elimination process will not continue the old way. Now there are many routes use of solar technology, thin film batteries, and organic materials such as batteries, but because the polysilicon cheap and mature technology." Yuan Zhenhong that the state should access conditions for the introduction of polysilicon, polysilicon industry, the new access standards clear to guide the level of advanced technology, low energy consumption of polysilicon production projects landing. Meanwhile, the national policy to "hard" and up, to take appropriate measures to punish those who cut corners in the enterprise, to guide enterprises to abandon fishing for a thought, focus on long-term, solid work in technological advancement, and ultimately improve the process to achieve cleaner production .
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